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Did You Know You Can Sue Spammers? This Man Got $1,200 Without a Lawyer

Did You Know You Can Sue Spammers? This Man Got $1,200 Without a Lawyer

David Weekly is all too familiar with spammers. Unwanted calls and texts flood his inbox every day. It's gotten so bad that he doesn't pick up the phone anymore if he doesn't have the contact saved on his phone.

So he did something about it.

After a spam text message hit his phone in June, he decided enough was enough and sued the spammer. It paid off: He ended up with a $1,200 check.

"Like every other human being on the planet with a cellphone, I get a lot of spam phone calls and text messages -- I find it kind of annoying," Weekly, a technology executive and California resident, told CNET.

"I've occasionally gone after spammers by reporting them to the shortlink services they use or the web or DNS host of the spamming domain," Weekly said. But this is the first time he sued a spammer in small claims court. And it was the first time he received a check from a spammer.

Though representing yourself in court isn't the easiest process, Weekly's story shows people aren't helpless. In fact, Weekly says his experience -- which went viral on Twitter after he shared it -- has inspired many others to take action against spammers, now knowing that the law gives you the right to sue them.

How one man sued a spam caller and won

Weekly received a text message from a company in June trying to sell him workers' compensation insurance. The company didn't conceal its identity. The text gave the name of the company, a website and an email address for the person running the business. 

A quick search online confirmed the company operated out of California. Though Weekly isn't a lawyer, he knew about the Telephone Consumer Protection Act and saw this as a clear violation of the law.

The TCPA is a federal law that, among other things, prohibits unsolicited calls made to cellphones using an automatic telephone dialing system or an artificial or prerecorded voice (aka a robocall). Text messages are considered calls under the TCPA, according to Anne Mitchell, attorney and CEO of the Institute for Spam and Internet Public Policy. 

If a business violates the TCPA, it's obligated to pay $500 per violation or $1,500 each time it "willfully and knowingly" violates this law. If you're on the National Do Not Call Registry, the right to sue includes live telemarketing calls, which refer to spam phone calls involving a live person and not an automated system, according to Margot Saunders, general counsel at the National Consumer Law Center. 

Weekly researched the law and sent the company a demand letter stating how much they owed him and why. (Sending a demand letter prior to suing in small claims court is a requirement in California.) After 10 days passed without a reply, Weekly sued. 

"It was only about a day or two after I served them with the suit that I got a phone call and a text message saying, 'Hi, there. Looks like you've sued me. Can we talk?'" Weekly said. "Those weren't the exact words, but that was sort of the gist. He was apologetic about having done it, and he recognized that he had done the wrong thing. He asked if I could take it down a notch, and I said, 'Well, how about just a $1,200 check and we can call this thing done?'

"He agreed, and a week later, that $1,200 check showed up," Weekly said. "That was cool and surreal: I'm holding a check that somebody who spammed me sent as an apology. That's pretty neat."

In all, it took Weekly four hours to complete this entire process, and he didn't contact a lawyer or have to show up to court. He subsequently posted his story on Twitter, explaining how he sued the spammer in the thread.

Spam calls are a big nuisance, sure, but what drove Weekly to take legal action wasn't rooted in any deep animosity toward the spam callers.

"These people aren't out there to spam maliciously," Weekly said. "They spam because they did some economic calculus that says it's economically advantageous for them to do so. If even a small percentage of people who are spammed find ways to push back, you can quickly, dramatically change the calculus around whether spamming makes good economic sense."

Though not all TCPA violations are straightforward — and it's not always easy to identify a spammer in the first place — Weekly's story shows people aren't defenseless against spam calls. And suing is only one tool in your arsenal. Here's what you can do about spam calls and messages. 

The TCPA gives folks with the right to sue spammers.

PM Images/Getty Images

What can you do about spam calls and messages?

First, you should understand the difference between a spam call and a scam call.

Scam calls are those that are clearly illegal, designed to steal money from people. Scam calls might include people pretending to be a legitimate business (including Apple and Amazon), attempting to defraud an individual. They also include those you might receive about "your car's extended warranty" or your Social Security benefits. 

Spam calls, on the other hand, are calls that aren't necessarily trying to steal your money or information. These include legitimate telemarketing calls that you haven't consented to. 

Robocalls can be legitimate telemarketing, but they're also a large source of scams in the US. As many as 68 million Americans have reported losing money to phone scams, losing nearly $40 billion collectively within the last year, according to Truecaller's 2022 US Spam and Scam Report. Truecaller, one of the leading platforms for blocking unwanted communication, conducts the yearly review with Harris Poll. 

While you can also sue scam callers under the TCPA, it's much harder to find scammers. Often, they're overseas and use temporary numbers, making them almost impossible to find contact information for. But with legitimate businesses, you've got more of a shot of suing them and successfully collecting the damages you're owed.

You could take spammers to court, though that takes time and effort. If you don't want to go to those lengths and simply want to cut down on the number of unsolicited calls and texts you receive, there are some simpler steps you can take. 

Report it to your carrier

You can report spam calls and messages to your carrier by texting 7726 -- easy to remember, because it spells "SPAM." 

If you received a spam text message, you can forward, or copy and paste, the message to your carrier. (When doing this, take care not to open links that were sent to you.) If it's a call, you can send the caller's number to your carrier. 

Some carriers, like AT&T, may also provide online forms that allow you to file a spam complaint with more detail. Many popular US carriers also have apps that enable additional call-blocking features that aren't already included in your phone subscription. These apps, like T-Mobile's ScamShield, may include a specialized area where you can report individual unwanted communications. Verizon's app is called Call Filter and AT&T's app is called ActiveArmor. 

Sign up for the Do Not Call Registry

Managed by the Federal Trade Commission, the National Do Not Call Registry is a list of phone numbers of individuals who have requested that telemarketers do not contact them. Companies are required to check the Do Not Call Registry before making telemarketing calls, and calling someone on the list without prior consent is prohibited.

You can sign up for the Do Not Call Registry for free in just a couple of minutes. Though it won't stop all telemarketing calls from reaching you, stopping any amount of calls is helpful. Some organizations, such as political organizations, charities and telephone surveyors, may still call you even if you're on the list.

The Registry includes a complaint form where you can report spammers. The FTC's website also includes a form to report fraud.

Read more: The FCC Wants Scammers to Stop Calling You

Implement tips from the FCC

The Federal Communications Commission is the federal agency responsible for implementing and enforcing US communications law and regulations. As such, in recent years, illegal calls have become a top consumer protection priority for the agency. Here's a list of easy tips from the FCC to help reduce unwanted communications, and protect yourself against conventional scam attempts:

• Don't answer calls from blocked, unidentifiable or unknown numbers. Hang up immediately if you answer one of these calls.
• Don't respond to questions from or interact with unwanted communications. Never respond to a question that can be easily answered with "yes."
• Never give out personal information, including your Social Security number, passwords or other identifying information. Use caution if you are being pressured for information immediately.
• If you get an inquiry call from someone who says they represent a company or government agency, such as the IRS, hang up immediately and call the entity from an official source (including your account statement or the entity's website).

Remember: The more you interact with spam or scam callers, the more likely they are to target you further. 

The FCC's website includes a page where you can report spam communications.

Sue the spam caller or messenger 

Suing is certainly an option if a spammer has violated the TCPA, but successfully doing so will require a bit more work -- and it's somewhat complex, based on the lawyers we spoke with.

Since the Do Not Call Registry expands your right to sue to telemarketing calls of any kind (regardless of what dialing system was used or whether it's live or a robocall), enrolling is a good first step before you file suit. If you're on the Do Not Call Registry and receive more than one telemarketing call from the same caller, you have the right to sue, and you can get $500 per call or text, according to Saunders.

Mitchell argues that receiving a telemarketing call to a number that's on the Do Not Call Registry may qualify as a "willful or knowing" violation of the TCPA, since companies are required to check the Registry before making a telemarketing call. A willful and knowing violation would qualify you for $1,500 per violation.

Some states require you to send a demand letter before suing, but even if it isn't required, Mitchell says it's advantageous to send one first. That's because it's often less costly for companies to settle with you — they can avoid court and attorney's fees — than it would be to appear in court. Settling can also save you money in court fees and serving the defendant with the complaint. 

"It's such small potatoes for these companies," Mitchell said. "Is it going to be worth the spammer paying the court and legal fees rather than just settling with you? It never is worth it for them. And they know what they're gonna lose."

If the spammer doesn't respond to your demand letter, then you can move forward with suing in your local small claims court as a TCPA violation.

You can settle with TCPA violators before taking them to court.

Prasit photo/Getty Images

Here's what you need to know to sue a spam caller

What is small claims court?

Small claims courts are local (e.g., county, municipal) courts that manage cases with a small amount of damages, typically between $5,000 to $10,000, though some states have much lower caps. This is the easiest place to file a TCPA violation, as long as the amount of damages you're claiming doesn't exceed the court's limit. Small claims court also tends to be a cheaper and faster process. Nolo, which is one of the largest online libraries of DIY legal guides, has information on small claims courts by state. 

How do I create and send a demand letter? 

You may be required to send a demand letter before suing in small claims court, depending on where you live, so you'll want to check in with the requirements of your state. 

For example, California has a self-help guide to writing a demand letter; your state may have one too, or maybe even a template to follow. It's best to follow the instructions and language of your particular court, but Nolo has general guidelines for writing a demand letter.

How do I file a claim?

This is the first step in initiating a lawsuit. For small claims court, the initial form is typically called a "statement of claim," but depending on the court, it may simply be called a "complaint." Many court websites will walk you through the process, though some are more user-friendly than others (California and Massachusetts have particularly good websites). The form and process for filing a claim vary by court, so be sure to research your particular court. An internet search with your state or county and "small claims court" should set you in the right direction. In any case, your claim will need to outline how much and why the defendants owe you.

What is 'serving the defendant'?

Adequately giving the defendant notice that you're suing them is an essential component of any lawsuit. This is called "service of process." States differ on what constitutes adequate service. For example, a majority of states (but not all) allow you to send a defendant the lawsuit through certified mail with a return receipt requested. You'll want to check in with the requirements of your state, but getting a private company to serve the defendant is usually the easiest way to go, though it'll cost you a bit more money than doing it yourself.

The bottom line on unwanted calls and messages

At best, unwanted communications are annoying. At worst, they're a large source of scams in the US that reap billions of dollars from American consumers. But whatever the form and content of these unwanted communications, you aren't powerless against the nuisance.

It may take some time and effort, but there are things you can do to push back, including taking legal action against spam or scam communications. As Weekly said, the more people push back, the more the economic calculus changes for spammers, making it riskier and costlier to spam. 

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Watch a drone swoop through a bowling alley at warp speed

Watch a drone swoop through a bowling alley at warp speed

Miss going to bowling alleys in person? Lace up your virtual bowling shoes and get ready to visit one through the eyes of a drone. 

Filmmakers Jay Christensen and Anthony Jaska of video production house Rally Studios sent a drone speeding through Bryant-Lake Bowl and Theater in Minneapolis and posted the eye-popping results to YouTube on Sunday.   

It's an impressive bit of filmmaking as the Cinewhoop drone flies down bowling lanes, nuzzles close to the pins and then soars back toward the bowlers. Crisp, atmospheric audio -- of people chatting, bowling balls rolling on wood, pins clanging -- adds to the immediacy. 

Cinewhoop drones are a small type of drone specifically created to capture cinematic HD footage. Because ducts protect the propellers, they're safer. 

That's probably why the bowlers awaiting their turn don't look in the least alarmed to see a drone flying straight at them. They also knew it was coming. 

Read more: The best drones of 2021

"This took a solid amount of planning and flight mapping prior to turning the camera on," Brian Heimann of Rally Studios told me. "The intention was for this to feel more cinematic and voyeuristic." 

In one sequence, the camera swoops above and then behind the pins so you can see the hidden machinery that controls them. That's a behind-the-scenes view I, for one, have never seen. Then again, I can count my total lifetime strikes on one hand.  

"I know nothing about drones, but I am amazed how it could be flown through all those narrow spaces without crashing," one YouTube viewer commented.  

Rally Studios counts adventure videos among its offerings. Heimann assures me the team operated via strict COVID-19 protocol for the production, taking temperatures at the door and requiring masks -- when people didn't need to lower them to down a beer, that is.

A bowling pin getting knocked over never looked this intense.

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Disney in Early Stages of Creating Membership Similar to Amazon Prime, Report Says

Disney in Early Stages of Creating Membership Similar to Amazon Prime, Report Says

Disney is in the early stages of planning a membership program similar to Amazon prime, according to a report Wednesday from The Wall Street Journal. 

The membership would offer "discounts or special perks to encourage customers to spend more on its streaming services, theme parks, resorts and merchandise," WSJ cited unnamed sources as saying. Disney hopes the program will capitalize on cross-selling across its various entertainment entities, both to provide more value to its customers by personalizing their content, as well as to collect data and information on those preferences, according to the report.

The membership program would help customers of one Disney product or service receive discounts for others. Disney already offers some added benefits to Disney Plus members for other Disney properties. For example, Disney World is currently offering 25% off stays for Disney Plus subscribers.

The company is also talking about working with third parties to offer more Disney experiences, such as discounted to tickets to Disney shows on Broadway, the report said.

Disney did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

Read also: Disney Plus: Everything to Know (from Lightyear to the Cheaper Tier)

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Alienware x15 R2 Review: A Lean and Hot Gaming Laptop

Alienware x15 R2 Review: A Lean and Hot Gaming Laptop

If you want your gaming laptop to be thin, it's going to run hot. That's just the physics of packing a powerful CPU and GPU into a 15.7mm-thick body. And since we've managed to make gaming laptops reasonably small, semistylish and powerful enough to shame even the latest game consoles, heat is really the last frontier that no one has cracked. 

On the small and stylish front, I can safely say the Alienware x15 R2 is one of the more attractive gaming laptops I've ever tested, and shows just how far we've come from the giant cement blocks of yesteryear. My spouse, who has worked in games and games media for much of the past 20 years, said it was one of the only gaming laptops that wasn't aesthetically offensive to her, so trust me, that's high praise. 

Like almost all Alienware and Dell computers, the x15 R2 (the second major revision of the current 15-inch x15 line) offers a wide array of configuration options, starting at $1,999 and going up from there. This review sample was $2,559, and highlighted by a 2.3GHz Intel Core i7-12700H CPU, Nvidia GeForce RTX 3070 Ti graphics card and 2,560x1,440 display with a decent 240Hz refresh rate. It also includes 32GB of RAM and a 1TB SSD. 

You can drop the GPU to an Nvidia 3060 (although in a $2,000 laptop, why you would do that is beyond me), or boost it to a 3080 Ti. Likewise, the display can drop to FHD (1,920x1,080) at 165Hz or jump to a fast 360Hz panel, although still locked in at FHD resolution. All things considered, this is probably close to the ideal configuration. 

Design and features

The matte-white outer chassis stands out as retro-futurism -- I thought of the clean lines of 2001: A Space Odyssey -- and the inset hinge both looked good and made the laptop feel very stable when propped up on a table. There's a big "15" stenciled on the back, because maybe you'd forget how big your laptop screen was? As well as the iconic backlit alien head logo, which I once found to be a tacky example of dorm-room-chic, but frankly, at this point it's got some nostalgic charm. 

But my absolute favorite feature had nothing to do with the lid design or even performance -- it's purely UX. Along the right side of the keyboard area is a row of media control keys, including dedicated buttons for raising and lowering the volume and muting both the speakers and mic. 

The media keys along the right side are a big plus.

Dan Ackerman/CNET

I can not emphasize enough just how important this kind of convenience is to my enjoyment of a gaming laptop. Pressing FN+F2 (or sometimes F5, etc.) to lower the volume in a game seems like an insane way to deal with sound. A few other laptops also have dedicated audio keys or sometimes volume wheels, but it's still rare. You don't get a separate number pad, which can show up in some 15-inch laptops. It's no great loss for my workflow, but it's something to keep in mind. 

The actual keyboard is fine for a shallow gaming laptop keyboard, with 1.5mm travel and decent island-style spacing between the keys. The touchpad is small and frill-free. Gamers will be using a mouse or game controller more often, but when you want to use this as a non-gaming laptop, which is probably most of the time, the touchpad is a letdown. 

Performance and battery life 

Performance was right in the middle of the pack when compared to similar high-end laptops with Nvidia 3070 and 3080-class GPUs. The performance boost from something like the Acer Predator Triton 500 SE, which we reviewed with an Intel Core i9 CPU and the Nvidia 3080 Ti GPU, shows what an extra $500 to $600 will get you, and you can configure the x15 R2 similarly. Based on the performance we saw, I still say the Core i7/3070 Ti combo is the overall best bang for the buck.

Battery life was decent for a gaming laptop, running for 5:12 in our video-streaming test, which admittedly isn't particularly challenging. Other 15-inch premium gaming laptops scored in the same 4- to 5-hour ballpark. Ironically, Dell's latest slim 13-inch laptop, the XPS 13 Plus, had much shorter battery life. 

More gaming laptops should be this slim. 

Dan Ackerman/CNET

My biggest overall issue with the system was how hot it got. Running games for a while, then pulling out the old temperature gun, the area just above the keyboard hit 130 degrees F. With the big rear vents (with its associated rear ports) and fans, you could probably keep your coffee cup next to the system to keep it warm. It's not a specific-to-Dell problem, but by squeezing a gaming laptop down to this thin a profile, it's inevitably going to be a more noticeable issue. 

My other gripe is the somewhat impenetrable Alienware Command Center software for controlling system functions, including the various lighting zones, fan speed and other system details. It's clunky, opaque and makes arranging custom lighting much more difficult than it needs to be. It feels like the Dell UX team never got near this one. I'm not the only person that feels this way. 

Despite these issues, and a general sense that gaming laptop innovation has hit a bit of a plateau in the past few years, the slim Alienware x15 R2 has earned a place on my short list of premium gaming laptops to strongly consider if you're thinking about making a multiyear investment. 

The best laptops in every category

Geekbench 5 (multicore)

Acer Predator Triton 500 SE (2022)

Lenovo Legion 5i Pro

Razer Blade 15 (2022)

Acer Nitro 5 AN515-58

Note:

Longer bars indicate better performance

Cinebench R23 (multicore)

Lenovo Legion 5i Pro

Acer Predator Triton 500 SE (2022)

Acer Nitro 5 AN515-58

Razer Blade 15 (2022)

Note:

Longer bars indicate better performance

PCMark 10 Pro

Lenovo Legion 5i Pro

Acer Predator Triton 500 SE (2022)

Razer Blade 15 (2022)

Acer Nitro 5 AN515-58

Note:

Longer bars indicate better performance

Online streaming battery drain test

Acer Predator Triton 500 SE (2022)

Note:

In minutes, longer bars indicate better performance

3DMark Wild Life Extreme

Lenovo Legion 5i Pro

Acer Predator Triton 500 SE (2022)

Razer Blade 15 (2022)

Acer Nitro 5 AN515-58

Note:

Longer bars indicate better performance

Guardians of the Galaxy (High @1920 x 1080)

Acer Predator Triton 500 SE (2022)

Razer Blade 15 (2022) (Core i7/3070 Ti)

Acer Nitro 5 AN515-58 (Core i5/3060)

Note:

Longer bars indicate better performance

Shadow of the Tomb Raider (Highest @ 1920 x 1080)

Acer Predator Triton 500 SE (2022)

Note:

Longer bars indicate better performance

System Configurations

Alienware x15 R2	Microsoft Windows 11 Home; 2.3GHz Intel Core i7-12700H; 32GB DDR5 6,400MHz; 8GB Nvidia GeForce RTX 3070 Ti; 512GB SSD
Razer Blade 15 (2022)	Microsoft Windows 11 Home; 2.4GHz Intel Core i7-12800H; 16GB DDR5 4,800MH; 8GB Nvidia GeForce RTX 3070Ti; 1TB SSD
Origin PC Evo17-S	Microsoft Windows 11 Home; 2.9GHz Intel Core i9-12900H; 32GB DDR5 4,800MHz; 16GB Nvidia Geforce RTX 3080Ti; 1TB SSD
Acer Predator Triton 500 SE (2022)	Microsoft Windows 11 Home; 2.9GHz Intel Core i9-12900H; 16GB DDR5 4,800MHz; 16GB Nvidia Geforce RTX 3080Ti; 1TB SSD
Lenovo Legion 5i Pro	Microsoft Windows 11 Home; 2.3GHz Intel Core i7-12700H; 16GB DDR5 6,400MHz; 8GB Nvidia GeForce RTX 3070 Ti; 512GB SSD
Acer Nitro 5 AN515-58	Microsoft Windows 11 Home; 2.5GHz Intel Core i5-12500H; 16GB DDR4 3,200MHz; 6GB Nvidia GeForce RTX 3060; 512GB SSD

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Does your child have sleep apnea? How to tell and what to do

Does your child have sleep apnea? How to tell and what to do

Pediatric sleep apnea is relatively common, affecting from 1 to 4% of kids. Like adults, children with obstructive sleep apnea experience breathing interruptions while sleeping because the muscles in their airways collapse, leading to daytime sleepiness or potential behavioral issues. In the long term, if left untreated, sleep apnea in kids can cause serious health complications like stunted growth or heart issues.  

The good news is that symptoms are pretty mild for most children, and they often outgrow it. Here's what you need to know if you suspect your child might have sleep apnea.

What causes sleep apnea in children? 

There are two main types of sleep apnea in kids -- obstructive sleep apnea and central sleep apnea. With obstructive sleep apnea, the muscles in the airway collapse in on themselves, blocking your child's ability to breathe. Central sleep apnea is when the brain isn't sending the correct signals to the airway muscles.  

We will talk primarily about obstructive sleep apnea, as it is more common than central sleep apnea. There are several causes of sleep apnea in children, like narrow facial bone structures, cleft palate or a high or low muscle tone. 

However, two main factors largely contribute to OSA in children.

Obesity

According to a cross-sectional study of children aged seven to 18, obesity is a significant contributor to sleep apnea. About 44% of children categorized as overweight had OSA compared to 9.1% prevalence in the "normal-weight group." 

Like in adults, obesity is one of the leading risk factors for sleep apnea. It happens because fat deposits collect in the upper respiratory tract, limiting muscle activity. 

Enlarged tonsils and adenoids

Sleep apnea can arise in children because of enlarged tonsils or adenoids. The tonsils are found in the back of the throat and the adenoids in the nasal cavity. If either is enlarged, it can narrow the child's airways, making it difficult for them to breathe while sleeping. The severity of the breathing interruption will depend on the side of the tonsils or adenoids. This doesn't happen to all children, and it's not exactly clear why it happens to some and not others. Exposure to viruses, bacteria or other infections can enlarge tonsils or adenoids. 

Common signs and symptoms of sleep apnea in kids

Your child likely won't be able to tell you what's happening. Generally speaking, they'll fall asleep after any breathing interruptions without knowing they woke up. If your child complains of being tired during the day or their behavior has changed, it's worth noting what happens when they sleep.

Snoring isn't always necessary to diagnose a child with sleep apnea, though it is the most common indicator. However, there are several other signs.

The signs of sleep apnea in kids include:

• Snoring and gasping for breath at night
  
• Mouth breathing or heavy breathing
  
• Nighttime sweating
  
• Wetting the bed
  
• Sleepwalking or night terrors
  
• Restless sleep
  
• Trouble waking or staying awake
• Behavioral issues
  

What happens if pediatric sleep apnea isn't treated?

Just because your child snores it doesn't mean they have sleep apnea. If you suspect they could have it, it's worth looking into. The effects of untreated sleep apnea can be severe -- high blood pressure, the risk of a stroke and heart issues all increase with sleep apnea. 

There are differences between sleep apnea in adults and children -- most of which are highlighted in the side effects of the disorder. Children with sleep apnea will likely exhibit behavioral problems due to their fractured sleep patterns. They may have trouble waking up in the morning, paying attention in school or being hyperactive. If the sleep apnea is left untreated, your child may experience behavioral and learning difficulties.

Getty Images

Treatments for pediatric sleep apnea

After a physical exam and detailed sleep history, a sleep study is best to diagnose pediatric sleep apnea. In a pediatric sleep study, your child's sleep will be monitored in a lab setting where a doctor can note any abnormalities of sleep apnea symptoms. 

Once diagnosed, your child's sleep apnea treatment will typically fall within these three categories. However, special cases may require unique treatment options. 

Surgery

One of the most significant contributing factors to childhood sleep apnea is the enlargement of the tonsils or the adenoids. Your ears, nose and throat doctor may recommend removing one or both to effectively cure obstructive sleep apnea -- surgery results in the elimination of sleep apnea symptoms 70 to 90% of the time. 

After surgery, you should expect a sore throat. Children with sleep apnea who get their tonsils and adenoids out have a higher chance of lower oxygen levels for the first two to three nights after surgery.

Continuous positive airway pressure machine

Your child's doctor may also recommend using a CPAP machine to treat their sleep apnea. CPAP machines constantly blow air into your child's airway, ensuring it doesn't close during the night. While they effectively treat sleep apnea, they do require that your child wear the mask when they sleep. 

Sleeping with a CPAP machine will be an adjustment. We recommend that you slowly introduce the machine. Try it at nap time at first and then for more extended periods each night. This will help them ease into the change and better adapt. 

If your child cannot tolerate a CPAP machine, your doctor may recommend an oral appliance to treat their sleep apnea, which pushes the tongue and jaw forward, expanding their airway through the night. Oral appliances are less effective but are easier for most children to adapt to. This option is generally limited to those who had surgery to remove their tonsils and adenoids, and the sleep apnea persists. 

Diet change

In addition to other treatment options for sleep apnea, lifestyle changes will be recommended for children who are considered overweight. Research has shown that weight loss successfully treats sleep apnea among children. Talk to your doctor about a nutritional and exercise plan that promotes a healthy way to lose weight.

Remember that adequate sleep is a crucial part of weight management. Kids who aren't getting enough sleep have a higher likelihood of gaining weight. A CPAP machine can help give them more restorative sleep to help with weight loss. 

Getty Images

When should your child see a doctor?

The big, lingering question you have is probably: what should I do first if I think my child has sleep apnea? 

In general, you shouldn't try to self-diagnose your child's sleep apnea. If your child consistently presents any of the symptoms associated with sleep apnea -- snoring, gasping for air or restless sleeping -- you should consult a doctor. It's never too soon to start the conversation. 

Tips to prepare for your appointment:

• Make sure you bring all the questions you want to be answered. Don't shy away from talking through everything on your mind. 
  
• Be ready to explore treatment options you're comfortable with. Express your concerns and hesitations.
  
• If you're seeking additional support, you can connect with your local A.W.A.K.E group, an education and support group run by the American Sleep Apnea Association. 
  

The information contained in this article is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as health or medical advice. Always consult a physician or other qualified health provider regarding any questions you may have about a medical condition or health objectives.

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Terra 2.0 Is Now Live, Following Luna Meltdown. This Week's Top Bitcoin and Crypto News

Terra 2.0 Is Now Live, Following Luna Meltdown. This Week's Top Bitcoin and Crypto News

Terra launched a new blockchain with a new luna token on Saturday. Seth Green's animated show starring his stolen NFT is up in the air. And the largest stablecoin issuer in the world launched a token for the Mexican peso. Here's what happened in crypto during the week.

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Terra 'forks' into new blockchain with a new luna token

On Saturday, terra 2.0 officially went live, less than a month after two linked cryptocurrencies called terraUSD and luna imploded. The prices of both tokens went down to a few cents or less in under a week, and people who bought the digital currencies lost almost all of their investment. 

A community of luna and terra holders voted to make a new blockchain earlier this week. The vote passed, and the @terra_money Twitter account said Friday that Block 1 of the new blockchain had been produced. The new blockchain is called terra, while the original one will be called terra classic. 

Both luna classic and terraUSD are still trading for almost nothing, with luna classic worth well under a penny. Terra is also holding an "airdrop" giveaway in which luna and terraUSD holders could receive the new luna cryptocurrency to incentivize the new blockchain.

A few crypto exchanges, including Binance and Crypto.com, are publicly supporting the new Terra blockchain. Coinbase hasn't confirmed if it'll support the new luna cryptocurrency -- as of Friday, the US-based exchange said all trades involving terraUSD are suspended. 

Read CNET's full story on the new terra blockchain here .

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Seth Green wanted his Bored Ape NFT to star in an animated show. Then someone stole it

Actor and writer Seth Green fell victim to a phishing scam last week and lost an expensive NFT from the popular Bored Ape Yacht Club collection. After Green's NFT was stolen, it was relisted for sale. Someone using the pseudonym of DarkWing84 bought the Bored Ape NFT not long after it was phished. Green reached out to the anonymous buyer publicly on Twitter wanting to make a deal to get it back.

On top of losing the NFT, Green may be dealing with an intellectual property headache. Green has been working on an animated series that would star the Bored Ape NFT, called White Horse Tavern. In the show, the Bored Ape NFT character is a bartender at the titular tavern. Green debuted the trailer for it at a convention this month. But now that someone else owns the NFT, the question is, can the show still go on?

Bored Ape Yacht Club allows people who own a Bored Ape NFT to use it for commercial purposes. People have used their Bored Ape NFTs to promote a coffee company and even to create a band. But with copyright laws around NFTs still being sussed out, it's unclear exactly how or if the stolen NFT creates copyright issues for Green's show. 

Read CNET's full story on Green's Stolen NFT and what it could mean for the show here .

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Tether launches stablecoin pegged to Mexican peso

Tether, the largest stablecoin issuer in the world, launched a new stablecoin Thursday with a price pegged to the Mexican peso. The name of the stablecoin is MXNT and each token is worth one Mexican peso. "We have seen a rise in cryptocurrency usage in Latin America over the last year that has made it apparent that we need to expand our offerings," said Tether CTO Paolo Ardoino in the announcement. 

Americans will likely be most familiar with USDT, the tether stablecoin pegged to the US dollar. Tether also issues stablecoins pegged to the price of the euro and the Chinese yuan. 

Tether stablecoins are backed by assets, which the company holds to keep the price of its tokens stable. The company was fined millions of dollars by the US twice last year for making misleading statements about its asset reserves. 

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Thanks for reading. We'll be back with plenty more next week. In the meantime, check out CNET's series of stories on Making the Metaverse.

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Best Coffee Grinder

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Best coffee grinder

Here's a coffee-making secret: It doesn't matter how fancy your coffee maker is -- if you're brewing with mediocre grounds, you're still going to get a below-average cuppa joe. Preground coffee is convenient, but it gets stale quickly and that diminishes the coffee's potency and taste. The best way to achieve delicious coffee at home is to grind your own beans with a home coffee grinder.

The last thing you want to fiddle with first thing in the morning is a manual coffee grinder or a hand grinder that resembles a spice grinder. A good electric coffee grinder processes coffee beans consistently and gives you ground coffee that's exactly the right texture to optimize flavor. Regardless of whether you use a fancy espresso machine or a drip coffee maker, these automatic electric grinder devices let a discerning coffee drinker create the ideal coffee ground necessary to concoct their caffeinated beverage.

Keep reading if you're looking for the best electric coffee grinder that will deliver the good stuff, cup after cup. I've selected my three favorites below, followed by a list of the other electric grinders that I've put through their paces. The ultimate coffee grinding machines deliver consistent grind quality (be it fine or coarse, depending on the grind adjustment setting), with useful features and powerful motors. They're also easy to use and easy to clean.

Yes, this buyers' guide starts at $100, which is by no means cheap, but that's because I personally tested all of these coffee grinders and I just didn't like the results from the budget set. (See the testing details below, along with the pros and cons of each and a full list of other models that didn't make the cut.) I'll follow up to see if any other bargain grinding machine is worth the trade-off in the future and update this story accordingly.

Also, be sure to read our guide to the best home espresso machines for sale right now. 

Tyler Lizenby/CNET

If you're a coffee drinker who needs a solid, all-purpose (relatively) inexpensive coffee grinding machine, I recommend the $100 Oxo Brew Conical Burr Grinder as the best coffee grinder overall. In terms of grind consistency, the Oxo Conical Burr Coffee Grinder placed second within my test group. That's behind the $200 Breville Smart Grinder Pro, which ranked first in grinding but also costs twice as much. The Oxo Brew Conical Burr Grinder, however, can grind beans faster. And while it has fewer coarse grind settings, Oxo's stainless steel machine is more versatile. The Oxo burr coffee grinder can grind fine enough to be used as an espresso grinder in a pinch. The stainless steel Oxo coffee grinding machine can also produce coffee grounds coarse enough for brewing a cup of siphon, French press and cold brew. Other pros are that the Oxo Brew is easy to clean and creates less of a mess when grinding than other grinders. $100 might sound like a lot, but keep in mind a quality coffee and espresso grinder should grind for a long time.

Tyler Lizenby/CNET

You can't get much simpler than Baratza's $170 Encore. The Encore Conical Burr Grinder has just one control: a switch that turns the grinder on and off. That's not just easy -- that's easy easy. Continually pressing a button on the Encore's front activates the grind, too. Grounds from the Baratza grinder were relatively consistent in particle size. The machine is also simple to clean and less noisy when grinding than many other coffee grinders we've tested.

Read our Baratza Encore review.

Tyler Lizenby/CNET

If you want a cup of espresso, here's an espresso maker to look at. You'll pay a little more for grinding with the $200 brushed stainless steel Smart Grinder Pro. But if you've got your heart set on pulling espresso shots at home, the Smart Grinder Pro is the best coffee grinder for espresso, cup after cup. This Smart Grinder with stainless steel burrs can produce extremely fine coffee grounds, the sort necessary for brewing quality espresso or Turkish coffee. The machine also created the most consistently sized grounds of all the machines I tested. The Breville boasts 60 grind settings, and it comes with adapters for espresso machine portafilters. If you like brewing siphon, French press or cold brew though, consider looking elsewhere. Even at its most coarse, this coffee bean grinder's grounds are too fine for those methods.

Read our Breville Smart Grinder Pro review.

So, how exactly do we test coffee grinders?

An ideal coffee grinder produces ground particles that are of a consistent and correct size. By that, we mean that the size of ground coffee particles should match its grinder's coarseness setting, fine or not. The size of grounds produced should also be fit for the intended brewing method, as outlined within the product manual.

To test each grinder for our coffee grinder reviews, we first hand-wash and dry all parts recommended by the manufacturer. We then set each machine to the appropriate level for grinding drip coffee or automatic coffee brewers (again, as indicated by the manual). Sometimes the manual lacks specific directions. In this case, we select the middle coarse setting for grinding coffee, then bump it up by one more coarse level (from fine grind, such as an espresso grind, to coarse grind). For example, if a grinder has 16 total coarse grind settings (assuming 16 is its most coarse grinding option and 1 is fine), we'll set it for coarse level 9.

Next we weigh out 10 grams of whole coffee beans to grind. By default our test beans are Kirkland Colombian roast. It's the same beans we use for our coffee maker tests. (No judgments, please.) When you grind as much coffee and espresso as we do, it pays to be frugal.

Then we run our sample beans through the grinder. We also make note of how long the grinder takes to grind coffee beans. Next, we carefully collect the grounds, then sift them with a two-screen sieve for 60 seconds. For that we use the Kruve Sifter system. Our original Kruve Two unit came with two mesh screens of different aperture sizes (800 and 400 microns). This step lets us measure the grind size and grind consistency of our sample. The Kruve Base has now replaced the Kruve Two, and offers five mesh screens (300, 500, 800, 1,100, and 1,400 microns).

We used a Kruve coffee sieve system to confirm grind size consistency. 

Brian Bennett/CNET

A superior electric coffee grinder or hand grinder will produce grounds, preferably with stainless steel blades, that are mostly between 400 and 800 microns in particle size (at our chosen grind settings). Finally, we weigh the grounds that collect between the two screens (800 microns top, 400 microns bottom).

A bad grinder will grind particles of varying sizes, from large to small. Blade grinders are notorious for this issue. Unlike a blade coffee grinder, a coffee grinder with steel or ceramic burrs typically yields grounds that are much more uniform in grind size.

Additionally, we grind at least two more times. From there, we can record an average optimal yield for each grinder.

Want more? Whether you're a coffee lover who prefers a simple cup of fresh coffee, espresso or even Turkish coffee, here's a list of coffee grinders I've put through their paces for this evaluation, in addition to the ones above. And below that, you'll find a chart that displays their grinding pros and cons and how well they stack up against each other. Now enjoy a cup!

Coffee grinders compared

	Baratza Encore	Bodum Bistro coffee grinder	Breville Smart Grinder Pro	Capresso Infinity Conical Burr grinder	Cuisinart Supreme Grind Automatic Burr Mill	Krups GX5000	Mr. Coffee Electric 12-cup coffee grinder	Oxo Brew Conical Burr coffee grinder
Average optimal yield (grams)	2.6	3.9	6.5	2.9	1.8	1.9	1.8	3.2
Percent optimal yield	26.3%	38.7%	64.7%	28.7%	18%	19%	18.3%	32.3%
Average grind time (seconds)	26	9	10	10	33	19	12	7
Price	$170	$100	$200	$100	$60	$93	$23	$100

More recommendations for coffee enthusiasts

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One weird Wordle word stressed me the heck out, and taught me a life lesson

One weird Wordle word stressed me the heck out, and taught me a life lesson

I have yet to share my Wordle results on social media like everyone else on the planet, but I've been quietly obsessing over the breakout daily game that challenges you to guess a five-letter word within six tries. I picked it up about a month ago and look forward to it with joy every morning, but something went sideways this week, and I have only myself to blame.

The sun wasn't yet fully up. I had to leave at 7:30 a.m. to bike to school and teach a class, but had gotten up plenty early so I could have a cup of black-as-midnight coffee and play Wordle on my laptop at the kitchen table, as has become my habit. Usually, this is a time of contentment and pleasure as I drop in my favorite starting words ("teary" and "pious") and puzzle my way through the possibilities with good humor. 

But Monday morning found me leaning forward in my seat, grimacing at Wordle, down to my last guess, furiously writing down inane possibilities on scratch paper. My heart rate rose. I had to leave soon. Should I just toss in any old word and accept failure? Keep pushing? Run late for class? I was stressed out, and that's not what Wordle is supposed to be about. 

University of Florida social psychologist Matt Baldwin thinks there are a lot of factors at play in Wordle's appeal, from its delivery of an "aha" moment of revelation to the way it has become a shared experience that connects us to friends and strangers alike. "Shared experiences give a lot of meaning to life," said Baldwin in a statement earlier this month. "They help us orient toward what's good, what's meaningful and what's worthwhile."

Today, my finish-what-you-started nature crashed into my painfully punctual self and melded with a particularly challenging Wordle word. I'm accustomed to knocking out Wordle in four tries. Sometimes I get lucky. Sometimes it takes one more. I rarely have to go the distance. I got Wordle 219 correct on my last try and slimmed out the door with seconds to spare, but I was missing the sense of satisfaction, the little self-affirming fist pump, I usually get from Wordle. 

Thanks to the social-sharing phenomenon of Wordle, I know I'm not alone. Comics maker Sanitary Panels dropped a spot-on set of scales illustrating the pain of today's Wordle.

Twitter user Avi Seth did what I had contemplated: "I just gave up and smacked the same word thrice to end my misery."

Some questioned if the answer was a real word. It is. It's a bit goofy looking, but it's real. 

I realize Wordle has become a harbinger of the quality of my day. Knocked it out in three tries? It's going to be a great day! Four tries? Fantastic effort, I can do anything! Five tries? Way to demonstrate perseverance and ingenuity, Amanda! Down to the wire? What is wrong with me? I was an English major, damnit.

The problem isn't Wordle. Wordle is a beautiful little thing. The issue is how I relate to Wordle. Today's lesson isn't about remembering the existence of a mildly obscure word, it's about recognizing why I fell for Wordle in the first place. It's about the charmed morning moments when it's just me, a blazing mug of coffee and a collection of green, gray and yellow letters. 

So tomorrow when Wordle 220 rolls around, I'm going to sip my French roast, watch the sunlight slip through the blinds and embrace that oasis of calm, whether I get it on the first try, the last try, or never. 

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Treat your Windows PC to a lifetime license of PowerPoint, Word, Excel and more for 85% off today

Treat your Windows PC to a lifetime license of PowerPoint, Word, Excel and more for 85% off today

Update, Jan. 24: While we've heard isolated reports that a handful of users had issues with this deal over the weekend, our team has independently tested and verified the process and that the deal is still available as of Monday evening.

Microsoft Office is the long-relied upon one-stop shop for everyone from pupils to professionals. With the Professional Plus edition, you'll get the standard software for day-to-day computing needs, along with a host of other tools to handle data, documents, presentations and more at a professional level. Forget the subscription and snag a lifetime license for Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, Teams, OneNote, Publisher and Access for 85% off, meaning you'll pay just $50 now through Jan. 29.

You don't have to be a pro to create like one. Even if you're using Office for personal or educational use, the programs provided in this bundle are user-friendly. Your purchase includes full versions of the programs with no monthly or annual fees. With so many more people than ever before working from home, it's the ideal suite for the remote world we live in.

Mac user? No problem. You can grab a lifetime license to Microsoft Office for Mac here.

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